Black extrinsic stain is commonly described as a dark line or dots near the gingival margin and has been associated with chromogenic bacterial communities and iron-containing compounds. Diagnosis should distinguish extrinsic stain from caries, calculus, metallic exposure, developmental defects and intrinsic discoloration. Management generally centres on professional cleaning and control of contributing factors; recurrence is possible. Claims for specific supplements or biologically active products require evidence before routine recommendation.
Read the clinical overview: dentalreach.today/magical-effect-of-lactoferrin-on-black-stained-teeth-associated-with-iron-metabolism
How do you minimise recurrence without causing unnecessary enamel abrasion?
