Electrolyzed Saline: A Promising Solution for Preventing Periodontal Diseases

Periodontal diseases are a major dental health concern, affecting millions worldwide. Traditional methods to control these pathogens include antimicrobial mouth rinses. However, most antimicrobial agents are nonselective, targeting both harmful and beneficial bacteria. This can disrupt the delicate balance of the oral microbiome, potentially causing more harm than good. A novel approach using electrolyzed saline (EOS) as a mouth rinse has been investigated to address this issue. This study focuses on how EOS can selectively target pathogenic bacteria while preserving beneficial species, thereby maintaining a healthy oral environment.

The Study: Methodology and Findings

Preparation and Application of Electrolyzed Saline

Electrolyzed saline was prepared from sterile saline using a portable electrolysis device. The study utilized hydroxyapatite discs to grow multispecies oral biofilms that mimic both healthy (homeostatic) and disease-causing (dysbiotic) conditions. These biofilms were then rinsed daily with EOS.

Controls and Comparative Analysis

Two control groups were included:

1. Positive Control: Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), known for its strong antimicrobial properties.
2. Negative Control: Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), which has no antimicrobial effect.

After three rinses, various analyses were conducted:

• Viability Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR): To measure bacterial counts.
• Scanning Electron Microscopy: To observe biofilm structure.
• High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC): To analyze metabolic activity by measuring organic acid content.

Biocompatibility Testing

To assess cytotoxicity and inflammation induction, human oral keratinocytes (HOKs) were exposed to EOS. Additionally, HOKs were exposed to biofilms rinsed with EOS to evaluate immunogenicity through interleukin 8 (IL-8) production.

Key Results