All our body systems rely on signals from the central nervous system to carry out day-to-day functions. The Enteric Nervous System(ENS) is the only exception that can function independently of the brain and spinal cord.
What is the Enteric Nervous System (ENS) and how does it work?
The ENS is a web of neurons found in the wall of the gastrointestinal system that stretches from the bottom of the tube that connects the throat to the stomach, the esophagus, through to the rectum.
It functions to help the gut absorb nutrients and keep the harmful agents out and thus preventing their absorption. It is interesting to note that this system of neurons is expected to contain more neurons than the whole of the spinal cord.
The main functions of ENS are to:
- Ensure rhythmic propelling of food and drink along the digestive tract. This is carried out by harmonious contraction and relaxation of a series of muscles.
- In order to maximize the absorption of essential nutrients, the contents of food are mixed properly by the ENS signals.
- Control the local blood flow, mucous secretions, and plays a role in the function of the immune system.
- Secretion of gastrointestinal hormones that regulate the functions of organs of the digestive tract.
- Some studies even relate it to the development of neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson’s disease.
Is ENS the second brain of our body?
Although ENS can independently control gut functions, the control is localized and restricted. The latest research was led by Nick Spencer, a professor at Australia’s Flinders University. Spencer’s team studied mice using high-resolution video in combination with an analysis of electrical activity.
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