Root Canal Treatment Of Mandibular Second Premolar With 1-2 Configuration/ Type IV Weine’s Configuration- A Case Report

- Dr. Garima Poddar

Introduction

The target of an endodontic treatment is to prevent and intercept pulpal / periradicular pathosis, to conserve a tooth affected by pathosis and to prevent recontamination after the treatment. In order to do so, a sound knowledge of basic root and root canal morphology as well as possible variation in it is important for doing a successful root canal treatment. Successful negotiation of a varied root canal anatomy followed by cleaning, shaping, and obturation of the entire canal system in 3 dimensions plays an important role in good prognosis of a tooth which has been endodontically treated.

Weine classified premolar root canal configurations into 4 types:

• Type I—single canal from pulp chamber to apex;
• Type II—two canals leaving the chamber and merging to form a single canal short of the apex;
• Type III—two separate and distinct canals from chamber to apex;
• Type IV—one canal leaving the chamber and dividing into two separate apical foramina.

Negotiating such splits and varied anatomy requires good understanding of these variations along with skill and suitable armamentarium.

This case report describes the successful diagnosis and treatment of mandibular second premolar with a Type IV Weine’s configuration.

Case Report

Clinical Presentation

A 36-year-old female patient reported to our hospital with severe pain and tenderness in mandibular right posterior region since 15 days. On clinical examination, deep caries was observed in tooth number 45 and 46.

Radiographic examination confirmed that caries was approaching pulp in both 45 and 46. 45 showed severe tenderness to percussion.

Radiographic evaluation revealed the following-

1. Deep disto proximal decay in 45 involving pulp.

2. One canal splitting into two in the middle third region of the root in 45 - That is, having a 1-2 configuration/ type IV Weine’s configuration.

Treatment - RCT was planned for 45 first, followed by 46.

Access opening -

The tooth was isolated using rubber dam isolation and caries was excavated completely. Access prep was done and split were negotiated using 10 k hand files. Proper tactile examination and detailed study of the preoperative radiograph proved to be helpful.

Shaping protocol

• Coronal flaring was done using One flare file (Micromega, France).
• 10k file was used to instrument the canal till in became loose in both the splits.
• Glide path preparation was done with the help of One G file (Micromega, France).
• Shaping of both the canals/splits was done with 2 shape files (Micromega, France).
• The main trunk was shaped till 25-06% and rest of the canal till working length was shaped till 25-04%.

Irrigation protocol

Throughout shaping, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite was used after each file. Side vented 30 gauge needles were used for irrigation.

After shaping, the following protocol in each canal, was used for irrigation and activation of irrigants-